Moles and Molecules

Purpose:

To compare the amounts of several substances using moles and number of molecules.

Materials:

• 4 500mL beakers

Reagents:

• Sulfur (S_(s))
• Sugar

Hazards and PPE:

• Sulfur smells terrible- keep your nose at a distance!
• Wear approved safety goggles and gloves.

Protocol:

Preparation

1. Place the following in labeled separate beakers:
   1. 18mL H₂O (1 mol H₂O)
   2. 342g sugar (1 mol sugar)
   3. 256g sulfur (1 mol sulfur)

Demonstration

1. Show the audience the beakers each containing 1 mole.
   1. Note differences in mass and volume.
   2. Note sameness in number of molecules (6.022 × 10²³ in each case).

Disposal:

• Beakers of moles can be stored and reused.

Citations:

1. Humphreys, D. Demonstrating Chemistry, 1983.

Videos:

• Methanol Cannon Demo

  Douglas Mulford

  This version of the demo uses methanol instead of ethanol, which is more explosive and poisonous if ingested. It is advisable to use ethanol for this reason. Additionally, this instructor holds the bottle while igniting it, which is not advisable, as the cork could be accidentally aimed at an audience member, or the explosive force could injure the instructor.